When was Palestine founded and by whom?
The term Philistine Syria (eventually shortened to the Greek, Palaistinei) was probably first used by Herodotus in the 5th Century BCE/BC. Later (2nd Century CE/AD) it was used by the Romans to designate a Province. There were eventually actually 3 Roman Palestines. I refer you to the short but thorough article from the Encyclopedia Judaica which I have included with citation below. ybarra-cgm.com
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Many believe the Romans chose the name Palestine as a reference to the ancient Philistines (a Greek people that lived along the Mediterranean coast roughly where the Gaza Strip is today) who were an arch enemy of the Israelites/Judeans/Jews (of Judea and Israel) who had been living on the land for over a millennium. It was an added humiliation to the Roman conquest. This connection to the Philistines is one in name only. ybarra-cgm.com
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The term was dropped by the Ottoman Turks, reemployed by Napoleon and then adopted by the Ottoman Turks.
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The British established the British Mandate of Palestine in the 20th Century. It ceased to exist in 1948 with the creation of the modern State of Israel.
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Today, Arabs who live in the Israel Territories are referred to as Palestinians. This derives from the fact that many of them are Arabs who were living in British Palestine which roughly encompassed modern day Israel plus the Territories. Of course, Israeli Arabs (20% of Israel's population) are Israeli citizens and officially Israelis. Remember that the Arabs conquered Jerusalem in the 7th Century CE/AD. ybarra-cgm.com
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While there is no state of Palestine today, the Palestinian National Authority (or the Palestinian Authority) is the governmental entity that rules the West Bank. It is a product of the PLO/Fatah, which is a secular nationalist party that evolved from the former terrorist group. The West Bank (of the Jordan River) is occupied territory won by the Israelis in 1967. The West Bank comprises Judea and Samaria. Many Jews consider these 2 provinces to be part of Israel. Arabs disagree and hope that this will become part of the future Palestinian State. The Gaza Strip was under the Palestinian National Authority until the Islamist terror group Hamas assumed military control of Gaza, killing or evicting members of Fatah. Today, Palestinians are ruled by the PNA/PA which is secular and Hamas which is Islamist. The PNA seeks an independent Palestinian state alongside Israel...borders to be negotiated. Hamas seeks an Islamic state occupying all of the territory of Israel, Gaza, and the West Bank. If you look closely at the logos of these entities, you will find that they show maps of "Palestine" from (Jordan) River to (Mediterranean) Sea. So who really knows what the underlying agenda is?
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If this sounds horribly confusing and bleak, welcome to the club... copyright ybarra-cgm
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Excerpted from the Encyclopedia Judaica:
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PALESTINE, one of the names of the territory of the southern Levant known as the Land of *Israel and much later as the Holy Land. The name "Palestine" was originally an adjective derived from Heb. פְּלֶׂשֶת, Peleshet (Isa 14:29, 31; see also Prst or Plst in ancient Egyptian and Pilišti, Palaštu in Assyrian sources). The name is first used geographically in the mid-fifth century B.C.E. by Herodotus in the form of Συρία ή Παλαιστίνη, i.e., "the Philistine Syria"; subsequently, the name was shortened and the adjective "Palaistinei" became a proper noun. Philo identifies "Palaistinei" with biblical *Canaan . In talmudic literature Palestine is used as the name of a Roman province, adjoining the provinces of Finukyah (Phoenicia) and Aruvyah (Arabia; Gen. R. 90: 6). From the fourth century, however, the three provinces into which the Land of Israel was divided were referred to as the "first," "second," and "third Palestine," respectively.
Muslims used the term "Filasṭīn" for the "first Palestine" only, differentiating between it and "Urdunn" (Jordan); but these designations soon fell into disuse, as the Muslims generally referred to provinces by the names of their capital cities. The Crusaders renewed the use of the "three Palestines," the borders of which, however, differed from those of the Roman provinces. After the fall of the Crusader kingdom, Palestine was no longer an official designation, but it was still used in non-Jewish languages as the name of the "Holy Land" on both sides of the Jordan. It was not an administrative unit under the Ottoman Empire, when it was part of the province of Syria. In the disciplines of historical geography and biblical history of the 19th century (e.g., E. Robinson), Palestine was the name commonly used in the western world for the region, with "western" Palestine used in reference to the entire country west of the Jordan River, and "eastern" Palestine to Transjordan (see the maps of the Palestine Exploration Fund published in the early 1880s).
This was the situation until 1922, when the British, who had received the Mandate over Palestine on both sides of the Jordan from the League of Nations, practically restricted the application of the name to the part west of the Jordan, while east of the Jordan and south of the Yarmuk they established the emirate of Transjordan, which in 1946 became a kingdom. In 1948 the State of Israel was established in a large part of western Palestine, its territory demarcated in the *Armistice agreements of 1949 with the neighboring Arab countries. Transjordan annexed the Arab-inhabited part of western Palestine occupied by the Jordanian army and changed its own name to the Hashemite Kingdom of *Jordan , and Egypt retained and administered the *Gaza Strip . Thus, Palestine as a political entity ceased to exist. During the *Six-Day War (1967) the Israel army occupied the whole of the country west of the Jordan (hence the term "West Bank"; referred to also as "Judea and Samaria" or the "occupied" or "administered" territories), which also included the Gaza Strip, as well as the *Sinai Peninsula and the *Golan Heights . However, the latter were never geographically part of the earlier designation of Palestine. The name Palestine is now loosely used in the west to refer to the territories of Area A that are under the autonomous rule of the *Palestinian Authority, even though by 2006 a State of Palestine had not yet been proclaimed.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY:
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M. Noth, "Zur Geschichte des Namens Palästina," in: Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palaestine-Vereins, 62 (1939), 125–44; D. Cole, J. Greenfield, and K.M. Kenyon, "What is 'Palestine'?" in: Biblical Archaeology Review, 4 (Nov./Dec. 1978), 43–45; for a different view see: D.M. Jacobson, "Palestine and Israel," in: BASOR (1999), 65–74.
[Abraham J. Brawer / Shimon Gibson (2nd ed.)]
Source Citation: Brawer, Abraham J. and Shimon Gibson. "Palestine." Encyclopaedia Judaica. Ed. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. Vol. 15. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. 581-582.
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http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/palname.html
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The term “Palestine” is believed to be derived from the Philistines, an Aegean people who, in the 12th Century B.C., settled along the Mediterranean coastal plain of what is now Israel and the Gaza Strip. In the second century A.D., the Romans crushed the revolt of Shimon Bar Kokhba (132 CE), during which Jerusalem and Judea were regained. Three years later, in conformity with Roman custom, Jerusalem was “plowed up with a yoke of oxen” and renamed Aelia Capitolina. Judea (the southern portion of what is now called the West Bank) was renamed Palaestina in an attempt to minimize Jewish identification with the land of Israel. The Arabic word “Filastin” is derived from this Latin name.
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