What is a microprocessor?

Microprocessor

A microprocessor is a computer processor on a microchip. It's sometimes called a logic chip. It is the "engine" that goes into motion when you turn your computer on. A microprocessor is designed to perform arithmetic and logic operations that make use of small number-holding areas called registers. Typical microprocessor operations include adding, subtracting, comparing two numbers, and fetching numbers from one area to another. These operations are the result of a set of instructions that are part of the microprocessor design. When the computer is turned on, the microprocessor is designed to get the first instruction from the basic input/output system (BIOS) that comes with the computer as part of its memory. After that, either the BIOS, or the operating system that BIOS loads into computer memory, or an application progam is "driving" the microprocessor, giving it instructions to perform.
A microprocessor computes instructions depending on how fast the processor is designed and if the processor's clock crystal (think of the clock crystal as a metronome). The faster (in mHz or gHz) the processor and its clock crystal are, the better.

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Processors currently come in 32 and 64 bit versions. 8, 16 and soon 32-bit are obsolete (32 bit is still around but you won't find it anymore in computational-intensive environments such as a lab). AMD, Intel and VIA are the three leading processor manufacturers.
You have the option of buying a traditional single-core processor, or the newer technology: dual/duo or quad core processors. These technologies essentially contain two or four (three in rare instances such as some AMD multicore processors) which enable more instructions to be executed and the processor runs cooler.

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