How does surface area affect temperature?

Surface area does not really affect temperature. It affects heat transfer. A car's radiator has thousands of fins that increase the surface area to increase heat transfer between the air and water. The radiator is a heat exchanger that follows the rules found here

Based on heat transfer, surface area can indirectly affect temperature. If your house is surrounded by a paved road the temperature will not be as warm as if it were located in the center of a huge parking lot. The larger parking lot area can convert more radiant energy from the sun and release more to the air surrounding your house.

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