I believe 120 is derived from an old Kodak numbering system intended to relate to the order the films were introduced and the number of exposures a camera could provide. However, it was pretty much messed up from the beginning since by the time 620 film came out, their camera would produce eight exposures, not six as the "6" in 620 was intended to mean. I never did learn what the other two digits meant.
Be that as it may, 120 (and it's twice-as-long sister 220) is a medium format film, a moniker used to mean it lies between small format (35 mm or less) and large format (4" x 5" and up). It is sometimes referred to as 6 cm film, the dimension across. This dimensional number is also used when describing the format of the exposed frame (6x4.5, 6x6, 6x7 and a few others) as well as the camera. In fact, some cameras have the dimensions as part of their name (e.g. Mamiya 645). The 645 format, I believe, is the only one whose "landscape" dimension is oriented across the width, thus the film passes through the camera vertically. I say this because I don't consider the 6x6 format to have a landscape orientation because it is square. In the other formats, this dimension is oriented along the film's length. Thus a 6x7 camera can produce more exposures than a 6x9 from a 120 roll.
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